Our Research Trajectories
Below are our research grants, publications, and awards since the Lab started in 2021 (earlier works of PI are also available). To find articles, code and data, visit publisher’s site with the DOI.
Research Areas
Aligned with Singapore’s Smart Nation initiative, the concept of smart digital cities is gaining prominence. There is a growing momentum to harness automated, intelligent technologies to capture and reconstruct 3D digital representations of the built environment to support future design and planning.
To tackle these challenges, our studies involve three interrelated areas as follows.
Robotic Scanning
Our first work integrates Multi-Agent Robotic System (MARS), with the aid of autonomous robots and LiDAR/image-based sensing, for efficient and accurate as-built data capture. This innovative approach leverages unmanned quadruped and wheeled robots with hybrid LiDAR-camera systems, allowing scan path planning, semantic navigation and mapping in GPS-denied environments. This research is supported by 'Automated reconstruction of as-built BIM using LiDAR and deep learning' and 'Automated 3D reconstruction of coastal digital twins using robotic scanning' funded by AcRF Tier-1 Grants.
Scan-to-BIM
Building on robotic scans, our second major work aims to develop new Scan-to-BIM algorithms with weakly-supervised learning to transform scanned point clouds and imagery data into precise BIM models. Funded by National Research Foundation under AI Singapore Programme, this work involves AI-based semantic instance segmentation and automated geometric modelling for buildings and infrastructures. Further supported by the 'BIM and Internet of Things-driven multi-agent system' project, our work focuses on automated semantic enrichment, integrating BIM and sensor metadata to generate content-rich digital twins. This research enhances the fusion of BIM geometry—covering structural and mechanical & electrical (M&E) components—with new semantics through a machine learning approach.
Computational Design
Lastly, our work focuses on linking BIM and AI with computational design optimisation to enhance understanding of building geometry and good structural performance. This has led to the development of theoretical BIM data model and graph-based neural networks for surrogate modelling and generative design of building structures. Further innovation is achieved through the integration of deep learning with metaheuristics, enabling optimisation for high structural performance. Our research has also been recognised with the Structural Excellence Award from HKIE, openBIM/openGIS Grand Award from buildingSMART (HK) and a finalist in Professional Research 2023 by buildingSMART International-the global authority on digital transformation of built environment industry.
Grants Awarded
[1] Principal Investigator, Automated reconstruction of as-built building information models using LiDAR and deep learning. Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier-1 Grant, S$212,380, 3.2023 – 2.2026.
[2] Principal Investigator, Towards coastal resilience in Singapore: Automated 3D reconstruction of coastal digital twins using robotic scanning. Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier-1 Grant, S$200,000, 3.2023 – 3.2026.
[3] Principal Investigator, Robotic scan planning technology for automated 3D digital reconstruction. GAP Grant Under RIE2025 (S$65,000, 12.2024 – 11.2025) and MOE AcRF Tier-1 Grant.
[4] Principal Investigator, AI-assisted scan-to-BIM technology for 3D reconstruction of infrastructure information models. National Research Foundation under AI Singapore Programme, S$704,996, 9.2023 – 2.2025.
[5] Principal Investigator, Artificial intelligence assisted Scan-to-BIM for existing buildings in A&A projects. Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier-1 Grant, S$170,000, 3.2020 – 2.2023 (PI since 5.2022).
[6] Principal Investigator, BIM and Internet of Things-driven multi-agent system for post-COVID facility operations and optimisation. NUS Start-up Grant, S$179,925, 3.2021 – 9.2024.
[7] Principal Investigator, Predicting thermal comfort and energy performance of mixed-mode ventilation in buildings using building information modelling. HKUST Initiation Grant, HK$100,000, 2.2018 – 6.2019.
[8] Deputy Project Manager and Co-Investigator, Building information modelling-based rebar design optimisation and prefabrication automation. Hong Kong Construction Industry Council Explorative Project Scheme, HK$1,071,800, 6.2019 – 12.2020.
[9] Principal Investigator, Pilot study for measurement of carbon emissions from construction activities and EC from residential development. Swire Properties, S$35,000, 1.2022 – 9.2022.
[10] Principal Lecturer, Blended Learning 2.0 PF2108 Project Cost Management. NUS Blended Learning 2.0 Funding, S$87,925, 5.2022 – 3.2023.
[11] Co-Principal Investigator, Multi-agent system and integrated collaborative robots for targeted disinfection over 5G network for Post-COVID facilities management. Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier-1 Grant, S$180,000, 3.2022 – 4.2024.
[12] Co-Principal Investigator, 3T framework for mitigating challenges and enhancing digital twin implementation over 5G network for smart facilities management. Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier-1 Grant, S$179,000, 4.2022 – 3.2024.
[13] Co-Principal Investigator, Computer vision for housekeeping on construction site. National Research Foundation under AI Singapore Programme, S$529,794, 10.2022 – 4.2024.
[14] Co-Principal Investigator, Pilot study for measurement of carbon emissions from construction activities and EC from major construction materials. Swire Properties, HK$150,000, 12.2017 – 6.2019.
[15] Co-Principal Investigator, Study on sustainable construction practices to reduce the carbon footprint of LPMit works. Fugro (Hong Kong), HK$176,000, 12.2017 – 9.2020.
Publications (Selected)
Book Chapters
[1] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2023) Deep learning-based framework for reconstruction and optimisation of building information models containing parametric rules. In: Bekdaş, G., Nigdeli, S.M. (eds) Hybrid Metaheuristics in Structural Engineering. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Vol. 480. Springer Nature.
SCI-indexed Journal Papers
[2] Gan, V.J.L., Li, K.X.,* Li, M.K., Halfiana L.B.E., (2024) 3D reconstruction of building information models with weakly-supervised learning for carbon emission modelling in the built environment. Applied Energy. 124695.
[3] Chen, X.Y., Pan, Y., Gan, V.J.L.,* Yan, K., (2024) 3D reconstruction of semantic-rich digital twins for ACMV monitoring and anomaly detection via scan-to-BIM and time-series data integration. Developments in the Built Environment. 100503.
[4] Zhai, R., Zou, J., Gan, V.J.L.,* Han, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y. (2024) Semantic enrichment of BIM with IndoorGML for quadruped robot navigation and automated 3D scanning. Automation in Construction. 105605.
[5] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2024) Enhancing 3D reconstruction of textureless indoor scenes with IndoReal multi-view stereo (MVS). Automation in Construction. 105600.
[6] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Zhai, R., (2024) Automated BIM-to-scan point cloud semantic segmentation using a domain adaptation network with hybrid attention and whitening (DawNet). Automation in Construction. 105473.
[7] Liu, H., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., Zhou, A.S., (2024) Automatic fine-grained BIM element classification using multi-modal deep learning. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 102458.
[8] Xiang, C., Gan, V.J.L., Deng, L., Guo, J., Xu, S., (2024) Unified weakly and semi-supervised crack segmentation framework using limited coarse labels. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 108497.
[9] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2024) Multi-view stereo for weakly-textured indoor 3D reconstruction. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 13149.
[10] Li, K.X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Li, M.K., Gao, M.Y., Tiong, R.L.K., Yang, Y., (2024) Automated generative design and prefabrication of precast buildings using integrated BIM and graph convolutional neural network. Development in the Built Environment. 100418.
[11] Chen, H., Yang, J., Chen, X., Zhang, D., Gan, V.J.L., (2024) Tempnet: a graph convolutional network for temperature field prediction of fire-damaged concrete. Expert Systems with Applications. 121997.
[12] Guang, M., Goh, Y.M., Jing, T., Gan, V.J.L., (2023) Automated classification of “cluttered” construction housekeeping images through supervised and self-supervised feature representation learning. Automation in Construction. 105095.
[13] Lao, W., Li, M.K., Wong, C.L., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2023) BIM-based constructability-aware precast building optimisation using optimality criteria and combined non-dominated sorting genetic II and great deluge algorithm (NSGA-II-GD). Automation in Construction. 105065.
[14] Wong, C.L., Wu, Z., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chan, C.M., Cheng, J.C.P., (2023) Parametric BIM and optimality criteria methods for automated multi-objective optimisation of structural and energy efficiency. Journal of Building Engineering. 107068.
[15] Xiang, C., Gan, V.J.L., Guo, J., Deng, L., (2023) Semi-supervised learning framework for crack segmentation based on contrastive learning and cross pseudo supervision. Measurement. 113091.
[16] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Yin, C., (2023) Robot-assisted mobile scanning for automated 3D reconstruction and point cloud semantic segmentation of building interiors. Automation in Construction. 104949.
[17] Cheng, J.C.P., Liu, H., Gan, V.J.L., Das, M., Tao, X., Zhou, S., (2023) Construction cost management using blockchain and encryption. Automation in Construction. 104841.
[18] Jiang, F., Ma, J.,* Webster, C.J., Li, X., Gan, V.J.L., (2023) Building layout generation using site-embedded GAN model. Automation in Construction. 104888.
[19] Zhuang, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Tekler, Z., Chong, A., Tian, S., Shi, Xing., (2023) Data-driven predictive control for smart HVAC system in IoT-integrated buildings with time-series forecasting and reinforcement learning. Applied Energy. 120936. (Highly-cited Paper)
[20] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2023) Automated joint 3D reconstruction and visual inspection for buildings using computer vision and transfer learning. Automation in Construction. 104810.
[21] Yin, C., Yang, B., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, B., Yang, J., (2023) Label-efficient semantic segmentation of large-scale industrial point clouds using weakly supervised learning. Automation in Construction. 104757.
[22] Li, M.K., Liu, Y.H., Wong, C.L., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2023) Automated structural design optimization of steel reinforcement using graph neural network and exploratory genetic algorithms. Automation in Construction. 104677.
[23] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* Hu, D., Liu, H., (2022) Digital twin-enabled built environment sensing and monitoring through semantic enrichment of BIM with SensorML. Automation in Construction. 104625.
[24] Liu, H., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* Zhou, S.J., (2022) A novel data-driven framework based on BIM and knowledge graph for automatic model auditing and QTO. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 101757.
[25] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) BIM-based building geometric modelling and automatic generative design for offsite construction. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 148, 04022111.
[26] Hu, D., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, T., Ma, Ling., (2022) Multi-agent robotic system (MARS) for UAV-UGV path planning and automatic sensory data collection in cluttered environments. Building and Environment. 109349.
[27] Yin, C., Cheng, J.C.P., Wang, B., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) Automated classification of piping components from 3D LiDAR point clouds using SE-PseudoGrid. Automation in Construction. 104300.
[28] Zhuang, D., Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L., Zhao, X., Yang, Y., Shi, X.,* (2022) Supervised learning-based assessment of office layout satisfaction in academic buildings. Building and Environment. 109032.
[29] Gan, V.J.L.,* Liu, T., Li, K.X., (2022) Integrated BIM and VR for interactive aerodynamic design and wind comfort analysis of modular buildings. Buildings. 12, 333.
[30] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2022) BIM-based graph data model for automatic generative design of modular buildings. Automation in Construction. 104062.
[31] Liu, H., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* Zhou, S.J., (2021) A knowledge model-based BIM framework for automatic code-compliant QTO. Automation in Construction. 104024.
[32] Gan, V.J.L., Wang, B., Chan, C.M., Asiri, W.U.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2021) Physics-based, data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of high-rise residential buildings. Building Simulation. 2021, 1-20.
[33] Li, M.K., Wong, C.L., Liu, Y.H., Chan, C.M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2021) DfMA-oriented design optimization for steel reinforcement using BIM and hybrid metaheuristic algorithms. Journal of Building Engineering. 103310.
[34] He, R., Yang, Z., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chen, H., Cao, D., (2021) Mechanism of nano-silica to enhance the robustness and durability of concrete in low air pressure for sustainable civil infrastructures. J. Clean. Prod. 128783.
[35] Yin, C., Wang, B., Gan, V.J.L., Wang, M.Z., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2021) Automated semantic segmentation of industrial point clouds using ResPointNet++. Automation in Construction. 103874.
[36] Gan, V.J.L., Luo, H., Tan, Y., Deng, M., Kwok H.L., (2021) BIM and data-driven predictive analysis of optimum thermal comfort for indoor environment. Sensors. 21, 4401.
[37] Mangal, M., Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Cheng, J.C.P., (2021) Automated clash-free optimisation of steel reinforcement in RC frame structures using building information modelling and two-stage genetic algorithm. Automation in Construction. 103676.
[38] Liu, Y.H., Li, M.K., Wong, C.L., Chan, C.M., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2021) BIM-BVBS integration with openBIM standards for automatic prefabrication of steel reinforcement. Automation in Construction. 103654.
[39] He, R., Li, M., Gan, V.J.L.,* Ma. J., (2021) Building information modelling (BIM) enabled computerized design and digital fabrication of industrialized buildings: A case study. J. Clean. Prod. 123505.
[40] Yang, Z., He, R., Gan, V.J.L.,* Chen, H., Xue, C., (2020) Effect of nano-SiO2 hydrosol on size distribution, coalescence and collapse of entrained air bubbles in fresh cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 264, 120277.
[41] He, R., Zheng, S., Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, Z., Fang, J., (2020) Damage mechanism and interfacial transition zone characteristics of concrete under sulfate erosion and dry-wet cycles. Construction and Building Materials. 255, 119340.
[42] Ma., J., Ding, X., Cheng, J.C.P., Jiang, F., Gan, V.J.L., Xu, Z.,* (2020) A lag-FLSTM deep learning network based on Bayesian optimization for multi-sequential-variant PM2.5 prediction. Sustainable Cities and Society. 60, 102237.
[43] Afzal, M., Liu, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2020) Reinforced concrete structural design optimization: A critical review. J. Clean. Prod. 260, 120623.
[44] Gan, V.J.L., Lo, I.M.C., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Chan, C.M.,* (2020) Simulation optimisation towards energy efficient green buildings: Current status and future trends. J. Clean. Prod. 254, 120012.
[45] Ma., J., Cheng, J.C.P., Jiang, F., Gan, V.J.L., Wang, M., Zhai, C.,* (2020) Real-time detection of wildfire risk caused by powerline vegetation faults using advanced machine learning techniques. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 44, 101070.
[46]Ma, J., Ding, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., Jiang, F., Tan, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Wan, Z.,* (2020) Identification of high impact factors of air quality on a national scale using big data and machine learning techniques. J. Clean. Prod. 244, 118955.
[47] Ma, J., Ding, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., Tan, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Zhang, J.,* (2019) Analyzing the leading causes of traffic fatalities using XGBoost and grid-based analysis: a city management perspective. IEEE Access. 7, 148059-148072
[48] Deng, M., Gan, V.J.L., Singh, J., Joneja, A., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2019) Automatic generation of fabrication drawings for façade mullions and transoms through BIM models. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 42, 100964.
[49]Gan, V.J.L., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M.,* (2019) Parametric modelling and evolutionary optimization for cost-optimal and low-carbon design of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 42, 100962. (Structural Excellent Award)
[50] Gan, V.J.L., Wong, H., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M.,* (2019) Simulation-based evolutionary optimization for energy-efficient layout plan design of high-rise residential buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 231, 1375 - 1388.
[51] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Lo, I.M.C., (2019) A comprehensive approach to mitigation of embodied carbon in reinforced concrete buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 229, 582 - 597.
[52] Ma, J., Ding, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Lin, C., Wan, Z.,* (2019) Spatiotemporal prediction of PM2.5 concentrations at different time granularities using IDW-BLSTM. IEEE Access. 7, 107897-107907
[53] Asiri, W., Zhang, X., Gan, V.J.L.,* Tan, Y., (2019) A holistic framework to utilize natural ventilation to optimize energy performance of high-rise residential buildings. Building and Environment. 153, 218 - 232.
[54] Tan, Y., Fang, Y., Zhou, T., Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2019) BIM-supported 4D acoustic simulation approach to mitigating noise impact on maintenance workers on offshore oil and gas platform. Automation in Construction. 100, 1 - 10.
[55] Deng, Y., Gan, V.J.L., Das, M., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Anumba, C., (2019) Integrating 4D BIM and GIS for construction supply chain management. ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 145, 04019016.
[56] Yang, J., Chen, H.,* Hu, S., Gan, V.J.L., (2019) Experimental studies on the flexural behaviour of steel-concrete composite beams with transverse and longitudinal hidden girders. Engineering Structures. 179, 583 - 594.
[57] Gan, V.J.L., Deng, M., Tse, K.T., Chan, C.M., Lo, I.M.C.,* Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2018) Holistic BIM framework for sustainable low carbon design of high-rise buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 195, 1091 - 1104.
[58] Chen, W., Chen, K., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Wang, Q., Gan, V.J.L., (2018) BIM-based framework for automatic scheduling of facility maintenance work orders. Automation in Construction. 91, 15 - 30.
[59] Cheng, J.C.P., Tan, Y.,* Song, Y., Mei, Z., Gan, V.J.L., Wang, X., (2018) Developing an evacuation evaluation model for offshore oil and gas platforms using BIM and agent-based model. Automation in Construction. 89, 214 - 224.
[60] Gan, V.J.L., Chan, C.M., Tse, K.T., Lo, I.M.C.,* Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2017) A comparative analysis of embodied carbon in high-rise buildings regarding different design parameters. J. Clean. Prod. 161, 663 - 675.
[61] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M., (2017) Developing a CO2-e accounting method for quantification and analysis of embodied carbon in high-rise buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 141, 825 - 836.
[62] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Lo, I.M.C., (2016) Integrating life cycle assessment and multi-objective optimization for economical and environmentally sustainable supply of aggregate. J. Clean. Prod. 113, 76 - 85.
[63] Gan, V.J.L., Cheng, J.C.P.,* (2015) Formulation and analysis of dynamic supply chain of backfill in construction waste management using agent-based modelling. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 29, 878 - 888.
[64] Jing, R., Cheng, J.C.P.,* Gan, V.J.L., Woon, K.S., Lo, I.M.C., (2014) Comparison of greenhouse gas emission accounting methods for steel production in China. J. Clean. Prod. 83, 165 - 172.
Papers in Transactions and Conference Proceedings
[65] Gan, V.J.L.,* (2024) 3D scene reconstruction using robotics and LiDAR sensor. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Pittsburgh, US.
[66] Gan, V.J.L.,* Hu, D., Zhai, R., Wang Y., (2024) Automated as-built 3D reconstruction using quadruped robot and 3D LiDAR sensor. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Lille, France.
[67] Wang, T., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2023) AI-based digital twinning for automated joint 3D scene reconstruction and semantic enrichment. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Oregon, US.
[68] Shao, Z., Goh, Y.M.,* Tian, J., Lim, Y.G., Gan, V.J.L., (2023) Computer vision-based monitoring of construction site housekeeping: An evaluation of CNN and transformer-based models. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Oregon, US.
[69] Gan, V.J.L.,* Wang, T., Hu, D., Yin, C., (2021) Developing an integrated data model based on IFC and SensorML for Post-COVID facility management. IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications. Haikou, China.
[70] Liu, H., Cheng, J.C.P., Gan, V.J.L.,* (2021) Developing a knowledge-based system for semantic enrichment and automatic BIM-based quantity take-off. International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Dubai, UAE.
[71] Gan, V.J.L., Lo, I.M.C., et al., (2019) BIM-based integrated design approach for low carbon green building optimization and sustainable construction. International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Atlanta, US.
[72] Gan, V.J.L., Deng, M., et al., (2019) BIM-based framework to analyse the effect of natural ventilation on thermal comfort and energy performance in buildings. Energy Procedia. 158, 3319 - 3324.
[73] Gan, V.J.L., Chan, C.M., et al., (2017) Sustainability analyses of embodied carbon and construction cost in high-rise buildings using different materials and structural forms. HKIE Transactions. 24, 216 - 227.
Awards and Invitations
Research Awards
[1] High Commendation Research Award (2023) Award-winning research: BIM-based construction cost management with AI and blockchain. Awarded by Hong Kong Institute of Project Management.
[2] openBIM/openGIS Grand Award (2022) Award-winning research: openBIM-based design optimisation and prefabrication automation of steel reinforcement. Awarded by buildingSMART HK. Selected as a Finalist of Professional Research 2023 by buildingSMART International.
[3] Structural Excellence Award (2020) Award-winning paper: Parametric modelling and evolutionary optimisation for cost-optimal and low-carbon design of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings (First Author). Awarded by Hong Kong Institution of Engineers.
[4] Best Paper Award (2020) Award-winning paper: Concrete reinforcement modelling with IFC for automated rebar fabrication (Corresponding Author). Awarded by International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management.
[5] Best Paper Award (2017) Award-winning paper: BIM-based methodology framework for sustainability analysis of low carbon high-rise buildings (First Author). Awarded by International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management.
[6] Best Paper Award (2013) Award-winning paper: Developing an agent-based decision support system for construction waste management (First Author). Awarded by International Conference on Civil and Building Engineering Informatics.
Invited Speeches
[1] AI and robotics technologies for building information modelling, simulation and optimisation. Panel Speaker for Building and Simulation Conference. Organised by Tsinghua University. Nov 2024, Beijing, China.
[2] Artificial intelligence and robotics for building information modelling and optimisation. Panel Speaker for International Forum on Engineering Education & Tsinghua Design Science Conference. Organised by Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Nov 2024, Beijing, China.
[3] openBIM-based generative design optimisation and precast construction. Keynote Speaker for Generative Design for Modular Building Forum. Organised by Faculty of Architecture, Hong Kong University. May 2023, Hong Kong, China.
[4] Digital twins, robotics, and automation for smart facilities management. Guest Lecture for UCL MSc Course Management of Major Programmes with Digital. Organised by Bartlett Faculty of Built Environment, University College London. Feb 2023, London, UK.
[5] Platform approach to design, manufacturing, and assembly of industrialised modular buildings. Speaker for CSEI Industry Showcase. Organised by Institution of Civil Engineers and Imperial College London. Nov 2019, London, UK.